The Middle East has long been a key area of geopolitical rivalry between the United States and Russia, shaping regional power balances, energy security, and global stability. This article examines the strategic objectives of both powers, focusing on their military, diplomatic, and economic policies. The United States seeks to maintain its hegemony through alliances and control over critical energy transit routes, while Russia, despite its weakened position following the fall of Bashar al-Assad’s regime, continues to exert influence through cooperation with Iran and engagement in OPEC+. Special attention is given to the implications of this rivalry for Poland’s security, particularly in the context of energy stability and hybrid threats. The analysis highlights that the region’s future depends on the major players’ ability to adapt to new realities and their willingness to cooperate to prevent further destabilization.