The Gaza Strip represents one of the most complex arenas of contemporary asymmetric conflict, combining elements of protracted warfare, humanitarian crisis, and geopolitical rivalry. This article examines the military strategies of Hamas and the Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) through the lens of urban warfare and underground operations, highlighting the unique role of Gaza’s tunnel infrastructure as a distinct battlefield dimension. The analysis further explores the political and organisational structure of Hamas, the humanitarian consequences of the conflict – including famine, civilian casualties, and collapse of essential services – and the international debate surrounding the distribution of aid. Particular attention is given to the broader regional and global implications, including Israel’s attempts to externalise the Palestinian question through proposed population transfers and the rising wave of domestic protests within Israel. The study argues that the war in Gaza not only reshapes local dynamics but also redefines international humanitarian law and the perception of legitimacy in modern conflicts